I received questions regarding planting density and yield from more than one of my customers, so I guess some of you might be interested in this topic as well.

In native goji production area, goji planting density was pretty low in the history (one plant per 9 square meters). There are several reasons for the low density. First of all, old goji cultivars can only produce berries when reaching full maturity (3-5 years) and 'umbrella' prunning model was used, which result in large canopy that takes more space. Goji tree used to grow very big 20-30 years ago, I remember I used to play 'hide and seek' with other kids under goij canopies - the tree was trimmed like a perfect umbrella with many branches hanging down leaving some clearance underneath. In mordern practice, seed propagation has been discarded due to observed ununiformity of plants grown from the seeds. For commercial goji production, almost all farmers have adopted asexual propagation using cuttings. By using modern cultivar, 'No 1 of Ning-qi' for example, 1-year-old plant can yield considerable berries. Smaller canopy and different prunning model (such as 3-floor model) enables significant increase of planting density in recent years. Averagely planting density is set 1.5X2 meters per plant for most goji farmers in Zhongning, some farmers set even higher density in order to achieve higher per-square-meter yield.

Goji yield varies greatly depending on cultivar selection, plant management (prunning, disease control, planting density, etc) soil fertility and climatic factors. Here I can only give data from Zhongning county - 'hometown of goji' in Ningxia, where goji growing condition is regarded the best in China. Averagely goji yield ranges from 65 - 85 kg/mu dry weight, when converting to metric unit, it is equivalent to 675-1275 kg/hectare. Considering fresh-dry ratio of 4.35, you can harvest 4260-5570 kg fresh berries annually on one hectare goji farm. In Zhongning the record yield (dry) reach 7500kg /hectare. I don't have any data of goji yield out of China. Above information is only for purpose of your reference.